Surveying instrument for mapping solid bodies



March 9 1926.

G. D. FISH SURVEYING INSTRUMENT FOR MAPPING SOLID BODIES Filed Nov. 20-,- 1920 lmllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllll 1 ATTORNEY 5 sheets sheet 1 INVENTOR 6285/77 .0. 1 25' March 9 1926.

G. D. FISH SURVEYING INSTRUMENT FOR MAPPING SOLID BODIES Filed Nov. 20, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet M w k WITNESSES:

Mamh 9 1926.

G. D. FISH SURVEYING INSTRUMENT FOR MAPPING SOLID BODIES 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 20, 1920 N INVENTOR March 9 1926. 1,575,983

. G. D. FISH SURVEYING INSTRUMENT FOR MAPPING SOLID BODIES Fil Nov. 20. 1920 s Sheets-Sheet 4 4 6 7 4 HWHIIINII'W/A llllllllllllf WITNESSES: INV ENTOR Q 6485/77- 0. fis/y L ATTORNEY Marc z h 9,1926. 1,575,983

G. D. FISH SURVEYING INSTRUMENT FOR MAPPING SOLID BODIES Filed Nov". 20. 1920' s Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR aazwrd 1 7w ATTORNEY WITNESSES: Q;

Patented 9,

UNITED *STAITES PATEN'I' OFF IE.-

GILBERT ID. FISH,- OF WASHINGTON; DISTRICT GE".CGLTHVIBIA;"ASS'IGNOR TO"FRED- ERICK Ii. ISTANTO1\T, OF NEW YORK, N; Y.

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT. FO R-MAPPING SOLID BODIES.

Application filed'November 20, 1920. Serial No. 425,526.

' ing is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide an instrument of this class on which a small solid body may be placed, as a dental casting, and then this object may be clamped,

shifted and measured in three dimensions so that data may be acquired from which the objectinay be accurately mapped. This and other objects are accomplished by my invention, one embodiment of which is hereinafter more particularly set'forth. V

' For a more detailed description of my invention, reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, formmg a partnere-- of, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of my im-' proved instrument.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 22 of Figure '4,- looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 3 is-a sectional view' taken on-the line 33 of Figure 4,-looking in-the di 99 of Figure 5, looking in the directionof the arrows.

Figures 10 and 1,1 are sectional views on the lines l010*and 1111-respectively of Figure 4:, looking in the direction ofthe arrows.

Figure 12 is a sectional view; onthe=line 12l2 of Figure 1, looking in the'direction of the arrows.

Figure 13 is a plan view of the'vertical slide fol-carrying the indicating point of theapparatus, and

' provided witlra stand 2 that Figure 1&- is a side elevation of the same with the mounting shown in erosssection. Figure 15 shows a Vernier.

Throughout the various views ofthe drawings, similar reference characters'decignate similar parts.

My improved measuring device 1 is carries a horizontal, rectangular platform 3 and on this platform is a movable head 4 that is adapted to. carry an object in either of'two directions,= say longitudinally andlaterally, at right angles to each other. Above this head a is an indicating point 5 which is carried by a vertically, movable slide that is'mount ed from the frame 2 in a manner which will be described below. Suitable verniers, three innumber, are provided, each being set at-right angles to the othertwo so that it is possible tomeasure insmall' units, say one-tenth of a millimeter, in three dimensions. The details of the above will now be set forth.

The stand 2, which is used with my instrument, is an ordinarystand, similar to thatused -for carrying'a microscope and is provided with the usual base 7', upright 8 which at its'front carries theplatform 3 instead of the usual-platformcarried by a microscope, and at the rear upper portion of the upright 8 is mounted the conventional 'neck 9 whichhas-a head 10 hich carries the usualslide 11 which may e given the us- --ual micrometeradjustment such as is in common use 1n microscopes, by means of the screw 12-,connected to a lever 1.2, and

this guide 11- also carries aslide 13"whichprovided with arack 1a which meshes with agear lo which is fixed toa'shaft 1G whiehturns freely in the slide 11 by means ofthe hand wheel 1.? which is: of th'e'conventional -kiml and-requires no further e::-

planet-ion. It will be understood from the foregoing, that the slide lS'may be raised or lowered quickly and for a considerable distance through its rack 14, pinion 15 and shaft 16 which is: turnedby its hand wheel 17 and journaled in the slide 11. For a small adjustment the micrometer 12 is used.

The slide 13 has, a projecting arm 6 which has been mentioned above, and this arm is provided with the movable Vernier 18 of a scale 19 which has its fixed part QO' grad- 'uate'd inany suitable way, as in millimeters,

and carried by a fixed flange 21 at one end of an arm 22 which has a second flange 23 at its other end, which is fixed to the head 10 by screws 24 which preferably rest in elongated slots 25 in the flange 23 so that the arm 22 may be adjusted, if desired.

At its free end the projection 6 is perforated with a truly cylindrical hole in which the point 5 is fitted so that it may turn readily and without lost motion; This point 5 is provided with pointed lower end 26 which is in the axis of the passage or hole in the arm 6, and it is preferably curved, as indicated, up to a point just below the flange 27 where it assumes vertical direction so to fit true within the hole 3 in the arm (3. The upper portion of this pointer 5 is screw threaded to receive a small nut 28 which is surmounted by a cap 29 so that the cap may serve as a lock nut to hold the nut 28 in its desired position, the cap 29 pressing against the upper end of the pointer which projects slightly above the nut 28 under normal conditions, so that the nut vill rest true without lost motion on the arm hand this arm will extend between this nut and the flange 27 so that the pointer 5 may turn freely.

The amount that the pointer 5 is raised or lowered by the wheels 17 and 12 may be accurately determined by reading the vernier 18 in the conventional manner, and

each reading may be systematically recorded so that all altitude levels may be determined and recorded, as above indicated. Means for obtaining the horizontal readings in two directions at right angles to each other and at right angles to the direction of the alti tude movement of the point will now be described.

The platform 3 has an end crossing 30 which is shaped so to fit in place of the ordinary slide platform of the stand 2 and at each end this crossing 30 is provided with side sills 31 and 32 respectively which are connected at their front ends by a second crossing 33. This connection may be had by means of screws or in any other suitable manner. The side sills 31 and 32 are each provided with tracks which are preferably in a dovetailed form, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, to receive the end.

bars 36 of the sliding frame 37. This sliding frame has, in addition to the end bars 36, the connecting bars 38 and 39 which are connected to the bars 36 by means of the angles lO and screws ell which pass through them so. that the parts of the slidingframe 37 are held rigid and true at all times. This frame is moved on these rails by means of a small hand wheel 4-2 fixed to the upper.

"end of a shaft 43 which is journaled in one of the bars 36 and is provided with a pinion d3 with inclined teeth which .meshes with corresponding inclined teeth of the rack so that the scale and the vernier slide form a Vernier by which readings may be had to a very small dimension, say one tenth of a millimeter.

From the foregoing, it apparent that byturning the wheel 42 it is possible to move the frame 37 onthe tracks longitudinally of the frame 3. Transverse movement is had by means which willnowbe described. v

The connecting bars 38 and 39 are each provided at their respective tops with rails 4'? which are preferably made dovetail in cross section to lit corresponding recesses in the slides 48 and l9 which are carried there by as shown in Fig. 11. The slide 4-8 carries a rack 50 at its outer edge and a suitable scale, say a millimeter scale 51 at its inner edge. The rack 50 meshes with a pinion 52 on a shaft 52 which is provided with a hand wheel at its upper end. This shaft is si'litably journal'ed in a bearing 5i which fired the cross bar 38 and a sn'iall vernicr ii'idcx is also fixed tothis bar with one edge adjacent to the scale 5i so as to form a vernier with this scale in the conventional manner. The slide bars 48 and all are connected in a manner which will now be described. v

The inner edges ofthe bars 48 and i?) are provided with downwardly extending hangers 56, four in all, twofor each bar, the lower endsof which are secured to the underframe 57 by screws or in any other suitable manner. This underframe is preferably madehexagonal in plan and is provided with a large central perforation 58 within surrounding annular recesses 59 and six additional perforations are provided in this under-frame, three of which are screw threaded to receive the adjusting screws 60 which support the head l, and three for receiving hooks (ll which engage coil springs 62 whose upper ends are coin nected to the head lso that the head is held adj ustably and with a proper pressure on the screws 60. It will be apparent from Figures 2 and (3 that the adjusting screws 60 enter recesses of different shapes. One r-iccss 63 is conical in outline, another 6 L is elongated so as to have a straight line instead of a point at its bottom, and a third one 65 is shaped like the frustum of a cone.

This is for the purpose of having a mini apparatus, it is wardly on the lower sides toreceive slides (58 which have their upper surfaces flush. with the upper surface of the head l, and these 5 jaw to each slide. These: jawsand their slides are mounted so as to movesmoothly on the head l, and the jaws are made rough on. their concave surfaces so as to grip firmly any object which may be placed between them. The lower surfaces of the slides 68 are provided withears 70 which not 'JUID or twist when the nut 73 is turned.

Operation.

In view of the foregoing, the operation of my improved device will be readily understood. Assuming an object to be surveyed, say a dental arch with teeth is to be in the first clamped onthe head or chuck 4- by adjusting the jaws; 69 by turning the nut leveled by turning the. leveling screws 60. Thereafter the head 4 may be shifted laterally of the platform 3 by turning the wheel 53 and longitudinally of the platform 3 by turning the wheel 42, and the point 26 may be rested or lowered through the wheels 27 and 12, either or both, so that this point may be brought to any desired location on the casting and when so brought each of the three verniers may be read and the readings recorded, and then the article being surveyed may be slightly shifted to the next point of observation and readings may accurately be charted with correct measurements down to one-tenth of a millimeter, more or less, according to the vcrniers. After the object is surveyed it may be removed from the apparatus by turning the nut 73 and thereafter a new ob ject may be inserted and measured, as above described.

lVhile I have shown and described one embodiment of my invention, it is obvious that it is not restricted thereto, but that it broad enough to cover all structures that come within the scope of the annexed claims.

What I claim is:

l. A surveying instrument provided with means for holding a model to be surveyed, means for shifting the model holding means in a plane in two different directions extendingat an angle to each other, means for determining the exact amount of such moving s aresurmounted by jaws 69, one.

-means for holding r 73 and then it is properly in each direction, a'pointeradapted to shift perpendicularly with regard to the plane of -movement of the model, means for raising or: lowering the pointer and means for exactly determining its elevation or change in elevation.

2. Asurveying instrument provided with model, means for shifting the model holding means longitudinally, means for shifting the model holding means in a plane in two different directions extending at an angle to each other, a pointer Zillli means for shifting the same perpendicularly to-the longitudinal and lateral movements of the model so that'the model may be surveyed in three dimensions.

A surveying instrument provided with movable means for holding a model, leveling means supporting said holding means so that the model may be held in a suitable aosition, means for shifting the model "holder longitudinallyand means for shifting the model holder in a plane in two I different directions extending at an angle to each other, a pointer and means for shifting the same in connection with the model holding means so that an object on the model holding means may be surveyed.

4t. A sm-veying instrument provided with model holding means, means for shifting the model holding means longitudinally, means for shifting the model-holding means in a plane in two different directions ex tending at an angle to each other, a pointer and meansfor mounting the same so that it may be shifted at a right angle with regard to the movements of the model holding means, and devices for indicating the movements of the model holder and pointer.

5. A surveying instrument provided with movable means for holding a model which is so arranged and disposed that the model holding means may be shifted in a plane in two different directions extending at an this frame longitudinally of the sills, means for measuring the amount of movement of this frame, a second frame mounted within the first and adapted to move laterally of the sills, means for moving this frame laterally, means for measuring the amount of movement of this frame and means for supporting a model from the laterally moving frame.

7. A surveying instrument provided with a platform with side sills carrying a frame which is adapted to move longitudinally,

means for moving this frame longitudinally ot the sills, means for measuring the amount of movement of this frame, a second frame mounted within the first and adapted to move laterally of the sills, means for moving this frame laterally, means for measuring the amount of movement of this frame, means for supporting the model from the laterally moving frame and means for level ing the model holding means on the frame.

A surveying instrument provided with a platform with side sills carrying a frame which is adapted to move longitudinally of the sills, means for moving this frame long tudinally, means for measuring the amount of moven'icnt of this frame, a second frame mounted within the first and adapted to move laterally oi the sills, means for moving this frame laterally, means for measuring the amount of movement oi": this frame and means for supporting a model from the laterally moving frame, said model supporting means consisting oi.- an under-frame, a head, screws passing through the undertrame and supporting the head, springs connecting the undcrframe and head and a clamping means on the head for securing the model.

9. A surveying instrument provided with a. grooved head, slides in the grooves of the head, clamps secured to the upper surfaces of said slides, links connected to the lower surfaces of said slides and means connected to all of said links for shifting the same in against an object supported on the head.

10. A surveying instrument provided with a support, a platform fixed to said support, said platform being provided with two end crossings and side sills all united at their respective ends so as to form a rectangular platform, one of said crossings being adapted to be held to said support and provided with an inwardly extending projection, tracks on the side sills, a longitudinally moving frame carried by said tracks and a transversely movable frame carried by said longitudinally moving frame.

11. A surveying apparatus provided with a frame which supported atits ends .by upwardly extending hangers, a slotted head carried by said frame, screws in said frame carrying the head their tops, springs connecting the head and frame so as .to keep the head on said screws,.clamps'sliding on and in said head, a screw threaded spindle secured to said head, a nut carried by said spindle, a collar carried by said nut, means for preventing said collar from turning while said nut turns and pivoted links con necting the clamps and collar so that the.

clamps may be shifted by turning the nut. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 27th dayoif October, 1920.

oinnnnr n. FISH. 

